Pahlevani Wooden Club

The ancient practice of Pahlevani or Varzesh-e bastani (‘ancient sport’), is deeply rooted in Iranian history and art. It combines elements of Islam, Gnosticism and ancient Persian beliefs. It evolved into an athletic ritual collection of gymnastic and callisthenic movements performed by ten to twenty men wielding instruments that symbolise ancient weapons.

Today, the sport is played in a sacred, domed space, known as a Zoorkhaneh, with an octagonal pit surrounded by rows for the spectators. Following the guidance and drumbeats provided by a ‘master’, male participants practise a sequence of exercises, usually with wooden clubs like the one shown here.